Melanin is a pigment found in the skin, hair, and eyes, and its primary role is to contribute to skin color. This pigment is produced by specialized cells called melanocytes, which are located in the epidermis. The amount and type of melanin produced by these cells determines an individual's skin tone, ranging from very light to very dark.
In addition to affecting appearance, melanin also serves a protective function by absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. This helps to reduce the risk of DNA damage to skin cells that can lead to skin cancer. While melanin is involved in skin's color, it does not provide nourishment, determine pH levels, or regulate temperature, which are functions associated with other components of the skin and body systems. Understanding the role of melanin is essential for barbers and cosmetologists, as it can influence hair and skin care treatments tailored to individual clients.